pure
vegetarians or 'vegans'
Some
people choose to eat only fruit, vegetables and other plant foods like nuts,
cereals, peas and beans. They don't eat any type of animal food: no meat,
fish, eggs, milk, yogurt and so on. They usually choose to avoid all animal
foods because they
- know that almost one quarter of all greenhouse gases are created by the livestock industry; from the animals' waste; from growing crops to be used for animal feed; from clearing and burning tropical forests for ranching
- don't like the way animals are treated and
don't like the idea of eating bits of their
dead bodies
- know that the vegan style of eating means
that many more people can be fed if food crops
are grown for people to eat directly. With
around 7 billion humans (and rising!) all needing
to eat, moving towards the vegan way of eating
makes perfect sense
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vegetarians
like vegans except that vegetarians usually choose
to eat dairy products like cheese and milk
(lacto-vegetarians) and may also eat eggs (lacto-ovo-vegetarians).
Like vegans, they mostly choose their diet
because of worries about killing animals to
eat. But unlike vegans, they indirectly support
the meat industry they maybe disapprove
of, usually without realising it. Why? Take
cheese, for example. To make cheese you need
milk. To make milk, a cow must have a calf
first. The calf is then taken away and fattened
for slaughter (if a bull calf). And when the
cow has reached the end of her 'useful' life,
she too will be killed and made into various
food products. Her skin may be made into shoes.
Some people even claim to be 'vegetarian'
when they eat fish and chicken.
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carnivores
and omnivores
Being
a penguin, I am a fish-eater and I cannot live without my fish. I have no
choice, just as a lion cannot live without killing antelopes and eating
their meat. Penguins and lions are carnivores (meat-eaters). Humans are
really omnivores which means they can live off either plant or animal food,
or both. Some humans like the Inuit of the Arctic eat almost nothing but
animals because they have no choice. Other people, like those of the Hunza
valley in Pakistan, eat almost nothing but plant food for similar reasons.
So humans have a big advantage. They can live off almost any foods: vegetable,
animal or mixes of both. And anyone who tells you humans can't live without
eating animals (as some do) is wrong.
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Recently, people in
richer countries have turned more and more to animal-based foods.There are problems
with this: